Hemodynamic monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia

By: Prof. Dr. Fazal Rehman Shamil | Last updated: September 13, 2024

Hemodynamic Monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia

1. What is the primary goal of hemodynamic monitoring during anesthesia?
   a) To monitor oxygen levels
   b) To assess cardiac output and fluid status
   c) To measure blood glucose levels
   d) To evaluate muscle relaxationAnswer: b) To assess cardiac output and fluid status
2. Which of the following is a direct method for measuring arterial blood pressure?
   a) Oscillometric cuff
   b) Invasive arterial catheter
   c) Pulse oximeter
   d) ElectrocardiogramAnswer: b) Invasive arterial catheter
3. Which hemodynamic parameter is most commonly measured using a central venous catheter (CVC)?
   a) Cardiac output
   b) Mean arterial pressure
   c) Central venous pressure
   d) Pulmonary artery pressureAnswer: c) Central venous pressure
4. What does a low central venous pressure (CVP) typically indicate?
   a) Fluid overload
   b) Hypovolemia
   c) Right-sided heart failure
   d) Increased systemic vascular resistanceAnswer: b) Hypovolemia
5. Which device is used to measure cardiac output continuously in critically ill patients?
   a) Pulmonary artery catheter
   b) Doppler ultrasound
   c) Blood pressure cuff
   d) Pulse oximeterAnswer: a) Pulmonary artery catheter
6. What is the primary function of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC)?
   a) Measure arterial blood gases
   b) Monitor pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output
   c) Assess blood glucose levels
   d) Evaluate electrolyte imbalancesAnswer: b) Monitor pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac output
7. What does a high pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) typically indicate?
   a) Hypovolemia
   b) Left-sided heart failure
   c) Fluid deficit
   d) DehydrationAnswer: b) Left-sided heart failure
8. Which of the following is NOT a common indication for using hemodynamic monitoring?
   a) Major surgery
   b) Mild dehydration
   c) Severe sepsis
   d) Cardiovascular instabilityAnswer: b) Mild dehydration
9. Which parameter is often monitored to assess fluid responsiveness during anesthesia?
   a) Cardiac output
   b) Mean arterial pressure
   c) Respiratory rate
   d) Urine outputAnswer: a) Cardiac output
10. What is the primary advantage of using a non-invasive blood pressure monitor?
    a) Provides continuous blood pressure readings
    b) Requires no insertion
    c) Measures central venous pressure
    d) Assesses cardiac outputAnswer: b) Requires no insertion
11. Which parameter is measured using a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Cardiac output
    c) Pulmonary artery pressure
    d) Coronary artery flowAnswer: b) Cardiac output
12. What does an increase in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) indicate?
    a) Decreased cardiac output
    b) Fluid overload
    c) Vasodilation
    d) Increased fluid volumeAnswer: a) Decreased cardiac output
13. Which hemodynamic monitoring device provides continuous measurements of intra-arterial blood pressure?
    a) Arterial line
    b) Central venous catheter
    c) Pulmonary artery catheter
    d) Non-invasive blood pressure cuffAnswer: a) Arterial line
14. What does a low cardiac index (CI) typically suggest?
    a) Effective fluid resuscitation
    b) Impaired cardiac function
    c) Adequate perfusion
    d) Normal cardiac functionAnswer: b) Impaired cardiac function
15. Which parameter is used to evaluate the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Arterial oxygen saturation
    c) Blood glucose level
    d) Electrolyte levelsAnswer: a) Central venous pressure
16. What does the term “preload” refer to in hemodynamic monitoring?
    a) The volume of blood in the ventricles before contraction
    b) The resistance the heart must overcome to eject blood
    c) The amount of blood ejected by the heart per beat
    d) The heart rateAnswer: a) The volume of blood in the ventricles before contraction
17. Which device is used to measure intracranial pressure (ICP)?
    a) Pulmonary artery catheter
    b) Central venous catheter
    c) Intracranial pressure monitor
    d) Arterial lineAnswer: c) Intracranial pressure monitor
18. What is the primary use of a Doppler ultrasound in hemodynamic monitoring?
    a) Measure blood pressure
    b) Assess cardiac output
    c) Evaluate blood flow and vessel patency
    d) Monitor central venous pressureAnswer: c) Evaluate blood flow and vessel patency
19. Which condition is commonly associated with elevated pulmonary artery pressure?
    a) Left ventricular failure
    b) Hypovolemia
    c) Right-sided heart failure
    d) Fluid overloadAnswer: a) Left ventricular failure
20. What is the primary goal of monitoring mean arterial pressure (MAP) during anesthesia?
    a) To assess the effectiveness of anesthesia
    b) To ensure adequate tissue perfusion
    c) To monitor cardiac rhythm
    d) To evaluate respiratory functionAnswer: b) To ensure adequate tissue perfusion
21. Which parameter is NOT typically monitored with a pulmonary artery catheter?
    a) Cardiac output
    b) Central venous pressure
    c) Pulmonary artery pressure
    d) Intra-abdominal pressureAnswer: d) Intra-abdominal pressure
22. What does an increase in cardiac output typically indicate?
    a) Decreased fluid volume
    b) Improved cardiac function
    c) Increased systemic vascular resistance
    d) HypovolemiaAnswer: b) Improved cardiac function
23. Which of the following is an invasive method for assessing fluid status in a patient?
    a) Central venous pressure monitoring
    b) Urine output measurement
    c) Pulse oximetry
    d) Non-invasive blood pressure cuffAnswer: a) Central venous pressure monitoring
24. Which parameter is crucial for assessing the risk of postoperative bleeding?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Mean arterial pressure
    c) Cardiac output
    d) Blood coagulation profileAnswer: d) Blood coagulation profile
25. Which device is used to monitor intra-abdominal pressure?
    a) Intra-abdominal pressure monitor
    b) Central venous catheter
    c) Arterial line
    d) Pulmonary artery catheterAnswer: a) Intra-abdominal pressure monitor
26. What does a high systemic vascular resistance (SVR) typically indicate?
    a) Vasoconstriction
    b) Fluid overload
    c) Vasodilation
    d) Decreased cardiac outputAnswer: a) Vasoconstriction
27. Which hemodynamic parameter is most indicative of fluid responsiveness?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Mean arterial pressure
    c) Cardiac output
    d) Respiratory rateAnswer: c) Cardiac output
28. What does an increased central venous pressure (CVP) suggest in the context of hemodynamic monitoring?
    a) Hypovolemia
    b) Fluid overload
    c) Dehydration
    d) Decreased cardiac outputAnswer: b) Fluid overload
29. Which of the following is used to measure oxygen delivery to tissues?
    a) Cardiac output
    b) Central venous oxygen saturation
    c) Blood glucose level
    d) Respiratory rateAnswer: b) Central venous oxygen saturation
30. What is the typical use of a non-invasive blood pressure monitor?
    a) Continuous monitoring of blood pressure
    b) Measurement of central venous pressure
    c) Evaluation of cardiac output
    d) Assessment of fluid statusAnswer: a) Continuous monitoring of blood pressure
31. Which parameter is critical for determining the need for fluid resuscitation?
    a) Urine output
    b) Central venous pressure
    c) Electrolyte levels
    d) Cardiac rhythmAnswer: b) Central venous pressure
32. Which hemodynamic monitoring technique provides real-time measurements of heart function and fluid status?
    a) Pulmonary artery catheterization
    b) Arterial line
    c) Central venous catheterization
    d) Non-invasive blood pressure monitoringAnswer: a) Pulmonary artery catheterization
33. What is the primary goal of measuring intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)?
    a) Assess fluid responsiveness
    b) Monitor for abdominal compartment syndrome
    c) Evaluate cardiac output
    d) Measure central venous pressureAnswer: b) Monitor for abdominal compartment syndrome
34. Which parameter is used to evaluate the effectiveness of cardiac function during anesthesia?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Cardiac output
    c) Mean arterial pressure
    d) Blood glucose levelAnswer: b) Cardiac output
35. What does an increased pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP) typically indicate?
    a) Fluid overload
    b) Hypovolemia
    c) Decreased cardiac output
    d) VasodilationAnswer: a) Fluid overload
36. Which device is used for continuous non-invasive cardiac output monitoring?
    a) Impedance cardiography
    b) Pulmonary artery catheter
    c) Arterial line
    d) Central venous catheterAnswer: a) Impedance cardiography
37. What does a decrease in cardiac output commonly suggest?
    a) Fluid overload
    b) Improved cardiac function
    c) Heart failure
    d) DehydrationAnswer: c) Heart failure
38. Which parameter is directly assessed using a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Pulmonary artery pressure
    c) Cardiac output
    d) Blood glucose levelAnswer: c) Cardiac output
39. What is the primary use of an arterial line in hemodynamic monitoring?
    a) Continuous blood pressure measurement
    b) Central venous pressure monitoring
    c) Oxygen saturation measurement
    d) Blood gas analysisAnswer: a) Continuous blood pressure measurement
40. Which monitoring method is commonly used to assess fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients?
    a) Central venous pressure monitoring
    b) Arterial line
    c) Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring
    d) Urine output measurementAnswer: a) Central venous pressure monitoring
41. What does an elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) typically indicate?
    a) Hypovolemia
    b) Fluid overload
    c) Increased systemic vascular resistance
    d) Decreased cardiac outputAnswer: c) Increased systemic vascular resistance
42. Which technique is used to monitor the adequacy of tissue perfusion?
    a) Central venous oxygen saturation measurement
    b) Electrocardiogram
    c) Non-invasive blood pressure monitoring
    d) Arterial blood gas analysisAnswer: a) Central venous oxygen saturation measurement
43. What does a high central venous pressure (CVP) suggest in a patient with suspected right-sided heart failure?
    a) Fluid overload
    b) Hypovolemia
    c) Normal fluid status
    d) DehydrationAnswer: a) Fluid overload
44. Which device measures the pressure in the pulmonary artery to assess heart function?
    a) Pulmonary artery catheter
    b) Central venous catheter
    c) Arterial line
    d) Non-invasive blood pressure monitorAnswer: a) Pulmonary artery catheter
45. Which of the following parameters is monitored to assess the effectiveness of anesthesia and sedation?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Cardiac output
    c) Blood glucose level
    d) Mean arterial pressureAnswer: d) Mean arterial pressure
46. What is the main goal of monitoring systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
    a) To assess fluid status
    b) To evaluate cardiac function
    c) To monitor the effectiveness of vasopressors
    d) To measure oxygen deliveryAnswer: c) To monitor the effectiveness of vasopressors
47. Which of the following is used to estimate cardiac preload?
    a) Central venous pressure
    b) Mean arterial pressure
    c) Pulmonary artery pressure
    d) Arterial blood gasAnswer: a) Central venous pressure
48. What does an increased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) typically suggest?
    a) Right-sided heart failure
    b) Hypovolemia
    c) Fluid overload
    d) Normal cardiac functionAnswer: a) Right-sided heart failure
49. Which device is commonly used for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure?
    a) Arterial line
    b) Non-invasive blood pressure cuff
    c) Central venous catheter
    d) Pulmonary artery catheterAnswer: a) Arterial line
50. What does a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) often indicate?
    a) Improved fluid status
    b) Decreased tissue perfusion
    c) Increased cardiac output
    d) Normal fluid balanceAnswer: b) Decreased tissue perfusion

Topic-wise Anesthesia MCQs

1. Anesthesiology MCQs
2. Anesthesia Basics:
   • Levels of sedation and anesthesia MCQs
   • Stages of anesthesia MCQs
3. Anesthesia Agents MCQs:
   • Inhaled anesthetics MCQs
   • Intravenous anesthetics MCQs
   • Neuromuscular blocking agents MCQs
   • Local anesthetics MCQs
4. Airway Management:
   • Endotracheal intubation MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Supraglottic airway devices MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Video laryngoscopy MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Difficult airway management MCQs – Anesthesia
5. Anesthesia Monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia:
   • Hemodynamic monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Pulse oximetry MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Capnography MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Temperature monitoring MCQs – Anesthesia
6. Regional Anesthesia MCQs :
   • Epidural anesthesia MCQs
   • Spinal anesthesia MCQs
   • Peripheral nerve blocks MCQs
7. Patient Assessment and Optimization:
   • Pre-operative assessment MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Patient history and physical examination MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Risk assessment and optimization MCQs – Anesthesia
8. Anesthesia Delivery Systems MCQs:
   • Inhalation anesthesia machines MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Intravenous anesthesia techniques MCQs – Anesthesia
9. Pediatric Anesthesia MCQs :
   • Considerations for anesthesia in pediatric patients MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Pediatric airway management MCQs – Anesthesia
   • Pediatric drug dosages MCQs – Anesthesia
10. Obstetric Anesthesia MCQs – Anesthesia:
    • Anesthesia for labor and delivery MCQs
    • Epidural analgesia in obstetrics MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Anesthetic considerations for cesarean section
11. Anesthesia Complications and Emergencies MCQs:
    • Malignant hyperthermia MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Anaphylaxis MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Cardiac arrest during anesthesia MCQs – Anesthesia
12. Post-Anesthesia Care MCQs:
    • Recovery room management MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Pain management strategies MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Post-operative complications related to anesthesia MCQs
13. Geriatric Anesthesia:
    • Considerations for anesthesia in elderly patients MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Geriatric pharmacology MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Management of common comorbidities MCQs – Anesthesia
14. Ethics and Professionalism in Anesthesia MCQs:
    • Informed consent MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Patient autonomy MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Professional conduct and communication MCQs – Anesthesia
15. Simulation and Skills Training MCQs :
    • Hands-on training in airway management and procedures MCQs – Anesthesia
    • Simulation exercises for crisis management MCQs – Anesthesia