1. The gait cycle is defined as:
(A) The period between two successive heel strikes of the same foot
(B) The period between left and right foot contact
(C) The swing phase only
(D) The stance phase only
2. The stance phase constitutes approximately:
(A) 60% of the gait cycle
(B) 40% of the gait cycle
(C) 70% of the gait cycle
(D) 50% of the gait cycle
3. The swing phase constitutes approximately:
(A) 40% of the gait cycle
(B) 60% of the gait cycle
(C) 30% of the gait cycle
(D) 20% of the gait cycle
4. Double support occurs:
(A) Twice in each gait cycle
(B) Once in each gait cycle
(C) Only during running
(D) Never in walking
5. Running differs from walking by:
(A) Presence of a flight phase
(B) Longer stance time
(C) Increased double support
(D) Absence of swing phase
6. Normal cadence in adults is approximately:
(A) 100–120 steps/min
(B) 50–60 steps/min
(C) 150–180 steps/min
(D) 80–90 steps/min
7. Step length is defined as:
(A) Distance between successive heel strikes of opposite feet
(B) Distance between successive heel strikes of the same foot
(C) Distance covered in one second
(D) Distance covered per minute
8. Stride length is defined as:
(A) Distance between two successive heel strikes of the same foot
(B) Distance between left and right foot
(C) Distance covered in swing phase
(D) Step length × 2
9. The major shock absorber during initial contact is:
(A) Heel pad and knee flexion
(B) Hip extension
(C) Plantarflexion
(D) Arm swing
10. Arm swing during gait helps in:
(A) Counterbalancing trunk rotation
(B) Increasing stride length
(C) Increasing cadence
(D) Reducing stance phase
11. During mid-stance, the body’s center of gravity is:
(A) At its highest point
(B) At its lowest point
(C) Outside the base of support
(D) Aligned with the swing limb
12. In normal gait, toe-off occurs at:
(A) End of stance phase
(B) Start of stance phase
(C) Middle of swing phase
(D) Double support only
13. Which muscle prevents foot drop during swing phase?
(A) Tibialis anterior
(B) Gastrocnemius
(C) Soleus
(D) Peroneus longus
14. Trendelenburg gait is caused by weakness of:
(A) Gluteus medius
(B) Quadriceps
(C) Hamstrings
(D) Tibialis anterior
15. Steppage gait is typically due to:
(A) Foot drop from dorsiflexor weakness
(B) Hamstring tightness
(C) Plantarflexor spasticity
(D) Hip flexor contracture
16. Antalgic gait is characterized by:
(A) Reduced stance phase on painful limb
(B) Increased swing time
(C) Wide base of support
(D) No heel strike
17. Parkinsonian gait features include:
(A) Shuffling steps and festination
(B) Wide base
(C) High steppage
(D) Hyperextension of knees
18. Cerebellar ataxic gait is characterized by:
(A) Wide base, unsteady steps
(B) Narrow base, shuffling steps
(C) Toe walking
(D) Abducted arms
19. Hemiplegic gait is commonly seen as:
(A) Circumduction of affected leg
(B) Shuffling both legs
(C) Wide base
(D) Excessive knee flexion
20. Scissor gait is typical in:
(A) Spastic cerebral palsy
(B) Parkinson’s disease
(C) Stroke
(D) Neuropathy
21. Myopathic gait (waddling gait) is due to weakness of:
(A) Hip abductors
(B) Ankle dorsiflexors
(C) Quadriceps
(D) Triceps surae
22. Vaulting gait is seen when:
(A) The opposite limb is functionally longer
(B) Both limbs are weak
(C) Ankles are stiff
(D) Arm swing is absent
23. Festinating gait refers to:
(A) Increasing speed with shorter steps
(B) Wide base and lurching
(C) Toe walking
(D) Sudden stopping
24. Toe walking is commonly seen in:
(A) Cerebral palsy
(B) Parkinsonism
(C) Stroke
(D) Sensory neuropathy
25. The initial contact in normal gait is usually made by:
(A) Heel
(B) Toe
(C) Midfoot
(D) Entire foot flat
26. The primary muscle active during push-off is:
(A) Gastrocnemius–soleus
(B) Tibialis anterior
(C) Quadriceps
(D) Hamstrings
27. Step width normally measures about:
(A) 5–10 cm
(B) 15–20 cm
(C) 1–2 cm
(D) 25–30 cm
28. Pelvic rotation during gait:
(A) Helps increase step length
(B) Reduces arm swing
(C) Shortens stride
(D) Prevents double support
29. Pelvic tilt during gait is controlled by:
(A) Hip abductors
(B) Hip adductors
(C) Quadriceps
(D) Gastrocnemius
30. During terminal swing, the knee is:
(A) Fully extended preparing for heel strike
(B) Flexed at 90°
(C) Hyperextended
(D) Unstable
31. Gluteus maximus activity is most important during:
(A) Initial contact to control trunk
(B) Mid-stance
(C) Swing phase
(D) Toe-off
32. Quadriceps are primarily active during:
(A) Loading response to control knee flexion
(B) Toe-off
(C) Mid-swing
(D) Terminal swing
33. Hamstrings are active during:
(A) Terminal swing to decelerate the limb
(B) Loading response
(C) Push-off
(D) Mid-stance
34. Arm swing during gait is generated by:
(A) Passive trunk rotation
(B) Voluntary muscle activity
(C) Hip muscles
(D) Knee extension
35. A wide-based gait is typical of:
(A) Cerebellar lesions
(B) Parkinsonism
(C) Hemiplegia
(D) Muscular dystrophy
36. Equinus gait involves:
(A) Walking on toes due to plantarflexion contracture
(B) Heel walking
(C) Widened stance
(D) Foot slap
37. Foot slap occurs due to weakness of:
(A) Tibialis anterior
(B) Gastrocnemius
(C) Quadriceps
(D) Hip abductors
38. A patient with quadriceps weakness may compensate with:
(A) Forward trunk lean during stance
(B) Toe walking
(C) Widened base
(D) Hip circumduction
39. Ataxic gait is often associated with:
(A) Loss of proprioception
(B) Hip contracture
(C) Plantar fasciitis
(D) Knee arthritis
40. Diplegic gait in cerebral palsy is characterized by:
(A) Toe walking and scissoring
(B) Waddling
(C) Festination
(D) Circumduction
41. The energy cost of gait is lowest at:
(A) Normal walking speed
(B) Very slow walking
(C) Very fast walking
(D) Running
42. Center of gravity displacement in normal gait is approximately:
(A) 5 cm vertical and 2 cm lateral
(B) 10 cm vertical and 5 cm lateral
(C) 2 cm vertical only
(D) No displacement
43. The swing phase begins with:
(A) Toe-off
(B) Heel strike
(C) Mid-stance
(D) Loading response
44. Normal base of support during gait is:
(A) 5–10 cm
(B) 15–20 cm
(C) 1 cm
(D) 25 cm
45. The stance phase is longest in:
(A) Walking slowly
(B) Running
(C) Walking fast
(D) Jumping
46. The major determinant of step length is:
(A) Leg length and hip extension
(B) Arm swing
(C) Pelvic width
(D) Spinal curvature
47. Compensated Trendelenburg gait involves:
(A) Trunk lean toward the affected side
(B) Trunk lean away from the affected side
(C) Increased cadence
(D) Increased double support
48. An antalgic gait results in:
(A) Shortened stance phase on painful limb
(B) Shortened swing phase
(C) Longer step length
(D) Normal symmetry
49. The gait cycle time decreases with:
(A) Increased walking speed
(B) Slow walking
(C) Painful gait
(D) Ataxic gait
50. The role of gait analysis in physiotherapy is to:
(A) Identify normal and abnormal gait patterns for treatment planning
(B) Replace clinical judgment
(C) Measure lung function
(D) Diagnose cardiac disease directly