1. The main function of force absorption in the body is to:
(A) Reduce stress on tissues
(B) Increase energy storage only
(C) Cause permanent deformation
(D) Eliminate need for recovery
2. Which structure in joints helps absorb compressive forces?
(A) Articular cartilage
(B) Ligaments
(C) Nerves
(D) Blood vessels
3. Muscles absorb force mainly by:
(A) Contraction and eccentric control
(B) Passive stretching only
(C) Tendon recoil only
(D) Joint friction
4. Cartilage absorbs impact by:
(A) Fluid redistribution within its matrix
(B) Rigid stiffness
(C) Permanent plastic deformation
(D) Nerve conduction
5. Synovial fluid aids in:
(A) Lubrication and shock absorption
(B) Muscle contraction
(C) Bone growth
(D) Nerve signaling
6. Menisci in the knee absorb forces by:
(A) Distributing load evenly
(B) Acting like rigid bone
(C) Preventing blood flow
(D) Increasing stiffness only
7. Which type of muscle contraction is most effective in absorbing landing forces?
(A) Eccentric
(B) Concentric
(C) Isometric
(D) Isokinetic
8. Ligaments contribute to force absorption by:
(A) Providing joint stability and stretching under load
(B) Generating power
(C) Circulating synovial fluid
(D) Absorbing oxygen
9. Which structure prevents bone-to-bone contact during force absorption?
(A) Articular cartilage
(B) Ligaments
(C) Muscle fibers
(D) Nerves
10. Cartilage absorbs impact forces through:
(A) Viscoelastic properties
(B) Plastic deformation
(C) Muscle contraction
(D) Nerve stimulation
11. Which muscle action reduces risk of ligament injury in jumps?
(A) Eccentric contraction of quadriceps
(B) Concentric contraction of biceps
(C) Isometric contraction of triceps
(D) Isokinetic contraction of wrist muscles
12. The shock-absorbing capacity of cartilage depends on:
(A) Water content and collagen network
(B) Nerve density
(C) Calcium concentration
(D) Blood supply
13. During running, the main absorbers of ground reaction forces are:
(A) Muscles and joints
(B) Skin and nails
(C) Lungs and liver
(D) Nerves only
14. Which tissue absorbs tensile forces best?
(A) Tendons
(B) Cartilage
(C) Bone
(D) Nerves
15. Discs in the spine absorb compressive forces by:
(A) Gel-like nucleus pulposus
(B) Pure elasticity
(C) Nerve endings
(D) Bone rigidity
16. Which property allows cartilage to recover after deformation?
(A) Viscoelasticity
(B) Plasticity
(C) Isotropy
(D) Brittleness
17. Joint capsules assist in force absorption by:
(A) Enclosing fluid and stabilizing structures
(B) Producing heat
(C) Growing new bone
(D) Conducting impulses
18. Muscle fatigue reduces force absorption because:
(A) Less eccentric control is available
(B) Bones absorb more energy
(C) Cartilage becomes rigid
(D) Synovial fluid evaporates
19. The meniscus is most important in:
(A) Knee joint force absorption
(B) Shoulder stability
(C) Spinal cord conduction
(D) Finger movement
20. Sudden removal of force absorption in cartilage may lead to:
(A) Joint degeneration
(B) Muscle hypertrophy
(C) Blood clotting
(D) Nerve regeneration
21. Which factor enhances force absorption in muscles?
(A) Proper conditioning and strength
(B) Joint stiffness
(C) Dehydration
(D) Muscle atrophy
22. Elastic energy stored in tendons contributes to:
(A) Reducing peak forces on joints
(B) Muscle weakness
(C) Bone resorption
(D) Nerve sensitivity
23. Cartilage thickness is greatest in:
(A) Load-bearing joints
(B) Small finger joints
(C) Ear cartilage
(D) Nasal septum
24. Force absorption in the ankle during walking primarily involves:
(A) Heel pad and plantar fascia
(B) Skull bones
(C) Finger tendons
(D) Shoulder capsule
25. The cushioning effect of cartilage decreases with:
(A) Aging and degeneration
(B) Hydration
(C) Synovial fluid production
(D) Movement
26. Which muscle group plays the largest role in absorbing shock during landing?
(A) Quadriceps
(B) Biceps
(C) Triceps
(D) Deltoid
27. The primary load absorber in the spine is:
(A) Intervertebral discs
(B) Vertebral arch
(C) Spinous processes
(D) Ligaments only
28. Cartilage distributes forces by:
(A) Spreading load across joint surfaces
(B) Narrowing contact area
(C) Limiting blood flow
(D) Hardening bone
29. In running, eccentric calf muscle action:
(A) Absorbs forces during foot strike
(B) Causes plantar fasciitis
(C) Stiffens the knee
(D) Increases bone brittleness
30. Shock absorption in hip joint mainly comes from:
(A) Acetabular labrum and cartilage
(B) Synovial nerves
(C) Bone marrow
(D) Blood circulation
31. Which property of muscles makes them effective absorbers?
(A) Elasticity and contractility
(B) Plasticity only
(C) Rigidity
(D) Nerve density
32. Force absorption at the knee reduces risk of:
(A) ACL injuries
(B) Lung collapse
(C) Ear infections
(D) Spinal cord injury directly
33. Articular cartilage resists:
(A) Compressive loads
(B) Tensile loads
(C) Shear loads
(D) All of the above
34. Sudden removal of cartilage function leads to:
(A) Osteoarthritis
(B) Osteoporosis
(C) Myopathy
(D) Scoliosis
35. Which structure absorbs most of the energy during a jump landing?
(A) Quadriceps and calf muscles
(B) Skull bones
(C) Spinal cord
(D) Nerves
36. Synovial fluid viscosity is important in:
(A) Damping forces
(B) Nerve conduction
(C) Bone remodeling
(D) Calcium absorption
37. Which property allows tendons to store and release energy?
(A) Elasticity
(B) Plasticity
(C) Viscosity
(D) Brittleness
38. During repetitive loading, cartilage protects bone by:
(A) Absorbing and redistributing forces
(B) Increasing blood flow
(C) Generating electricity
(D) Breaking down immediately
39. Joint ligaments prevent:
(A) Excessive motion and distribute forces
(B) Energy storage
(C) Blood pooling
(D) Bone growth
40. The viscoelastic nature of cartilage means:
(A) Time-dependent response to loading
(B) No recovery after load
(C) Purely brittle behavior
(D) Complete resistance to strain
41. Heel fat pads absorb forces by:
(A) Compressing and cushioning impact
(B) Muscle contraction
(C) Bone growth
(D) Tendon recoil
42. Which joint is most specialized for load absorption?
(A) Knee joint
(B) Wrist joint
(C) Finger joint
(D) Elbow joint
43. Force absorption is impaired in cartilage when:
(A) Water content decreases
(B) Synovial fluid increases
(C) Collagen fibers remain intact
(D) Load is low
44. Ankle ligaments contribute to force absorption by:
(A) Controlling inversion and eversion
(B) Generating muscle power
(C) Storing oxygen
(D) Carrying nutrients
45. Force absorption in the spine is distributed by:
(A) Vertebrae, discs, and surrounding muscles
(B) Skull
(C) Shoulder joint
(D) Arm bones
46. Which factor reduces the efficiency of muscular force absorption?
(A) Fatigue
(B) Training
(C) Strengthening
(D) Stretching
47. Knee meniscus injury decreases:
(A) Shock absorption capacity
(B) Muscle strength
(C) Nerve signaling
(D) Bone density
48. In biomechanics, damping refers to:
(A) Reduction of force transmission
(B) Increase in stiffness
(C) Purely elastic recovery
(D) Bone remodeling
49. Loss of joint cartilage leads to:
(A) Increased bone-to-bone stress
(B) Improved shock absorption
(C) Reduced compressive forces
(D) Less joint pain
50. The combination of muscles, joints, and cartilage ensures:
(A) Efficient shock absorption during movement
(B) Bone fracture every time
(C) Purely plastic deformation
(D) No energy recovery