1. The FDTD method is used to:
(A) Solve electromagnetic problems in the time domain
(B) Only measure current
(C) Calculate transformer efficiency
(D) Perform load flow analysis
2. The basic computational grid used in FDTD is called:
(A) Finite element mesh
(B) Yee grid
(C) Load flow grid
(D) Voltage mesh
3. FDTD directly solves:
(A) Maxwell’s curl equations
(B) Step response only
(C) Only DC circuits
(D) Load flow equations
4. Stability in FDTD is ensured by:
(A) Using Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition
(B) Step response only
(C) Only transformer parameters
(D) Load flow limits
5. Boundary conditions in FDTD are applied to:
(A) Define field behavior at the edges of the computational domain
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line voltage
(D) Load flow only
6. Absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) help to:
(A) Reduce artificial reflections at the edges
(B) Step response only
(C) Only current measurement
(D) Load flow only
7. Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) is used to:
(A) Absorb outgoing waves at boundaries
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line load measurement
(D) Load flow only
8. FDTD is classified as a:
(A) Time-domain numerical method
(B) Step response only
(C) Only AC load flow tool
(D) Transformer design tool
9. In FDTD, electric and magnetic fields are computed:
(A) At staggered points in space and time
(B) Step response only
(C) Only at voltage nodes
(D) Load flow points
10. Spatial discretization in FDTD divides the domain into:
(A) Small cells along x, y, and z directions
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line segments
(D) Transformer winding sections
11. The FDTD time step influences:
(A) Stability and accuracy
(B) Step response only
(C) Only load flow calculations
(D) Transformer efficiency
12. Courant number in FDTD must be:
(A) Less than 1 for stability
(B) Step response only
(C) Only voltage per unit
(D) Transformer rating
13. Yee cell stores:
(A) Electric and magnetic field components at different locations
(B) Step response only
(C) Only load flow currents
(D) Only voltage values
14. FDTD is especially useful for:
(A) Time-domain propagation and scattering problems
(B) Step response only
(C) Only DC network analysis
(D) Load flow calculations
15. CFL condition depends on:
(A) Grid spacing and wave velocity
(B) Step response only
(C) Only transformer size
(D) Load flow rating
16. FDTD can be applied to:
(A) Antennas, waveguides, and EMC studies
(B) Step response only
(C) Only load flow
(D) Only voltage monitoring
17. Reflections in FDTD simulations cause:
(A) Numerical errors
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line voltage drops
(D) Load flow errors
18. Mesh refinement in FDTD:
(A) Improves accuracy
(B) Step response only
(C) Only transformer efficiency
(D) Load flow only
19. FDTD for large domains requires:
(A) Significant computational resources
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line voltage monitoring
(D) Load flow only
20. FDTD uses which type of method?
(A) Explicit time-stepping
(B) Step response only
(C) Only DC solver
(D) Load flow method
21. Field updates in FDTD are done:
(A) Alternately for electric and magnetic fields
(B) Step response only
(C) Only voltage calculations
(D) Load flow points
22. Numerical dispersion in FDTD can be reduced by:
(A) Refining spatial and temporal steps
(B) Step response only
(C) Only transformer adjustment
(D) Load flow only
23. FDTD can handle:
(A) Linear and some nonlinear materials
(B) Step response only
(C) Only resistive networks
(D) Load flow only
24. Incident waves in FDTD are launched using:
(A) Source excitation functions
(B) Step response only
(C) Only load flow injections
(D) Only voltage sources
25. FDTD is widely used for:
(A) EM wave propagation, antenna design, and EMC analysis
(B) Step response only
(C) Only transformer monitoring
(D) Load flow only
26. Time-domain snapshots in FDTD help to:
(A) Visualize wave propagation
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line voltage
(D) Load flow only
27. Accuracy in FDTD depends on:
(A) Grid resolution and time step
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line load
(D) Load flow only
28. Absorbing layers in FDTD prevent:
(A) Reflections from domain boundaries
(B) Step response only
(C) Only voltage spikes
(D) Load flow errors
29. FDTD advantages include:
(A) Direct time-domain solution of Maxwell’s equations
(B) Step response only
(C) Only AC load flow computation
(D) Transformer modeling
30. FDTD’s main limitation is:
(A) High computational and memory requirements for fine grids
(B) Step response only
(C) Only line voltage measurement
(D) Load flow only