Let me share with you a difference between Vertebrates and invertebrates.
| Aspect | Vertebrates | Invertebrates |
| Introduction
| Animals that have a vertebral column or backbone made of vertebrae. | Animals that lack a vertebral column or back bone. They may have exoskeletons, shells, or no structural support. |
| Body Segmentation | Distinct head, trunk, and tail regions. | Body may be segmented or unsegmented |
| Nervous System | Well-developed centralized nervous system, often with a brain. | May have ganglia, nerve nets, or simple nerve cords. |
| Circulatory System | Closed circulatory system with a heart and blood vessels. | Open circulatory systems in some groups. |
| Respiratory System | · Gills · Lungs | · Tracheae · Gills · book lungs · Simple diffusion through the skin |
| Type of reproduction | Internal fertilization | Internal and external fertilization, both |
| Size and Complexity | Generally larger and more complex organisms. | Range from microscopic to large sizes; complexity varies widely. |
| Skeleton | Possess an endoskeleton made of bone or cartilage. | May have an exoskeleton (e.g., arthropods), a hydrostatic skeleton (e.g., cnidarians), or no hard structure. |
| Development | Often exhibit more complex embryonic development. | Diverse larval forms and developmental patterns. |
| Sensory Organs | Well-developed sensory organs, including eyes, ears, and olfactory structures. | Have simple eyespots, antennae, or other sensory structures. |
| Examples
| · Mammals · Birds · Reptiles · Amphibian · Fish | · Insects · arachnids · Mollusks · Annelids · Cnidarians |