Let me share with you a comparison between DNA and Chromosomes.
| Aspect | DNA | Chromosomes |
| Introduction | A long molecule that carries genetic information in the form of a double helix | Thread-like structures made of DNA and associated proteins found in the cell’s nucleus |
| Occurrence | Found in the cell nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts | Located within the cell nucleus of eukaryotic organisms |
| Composition | Composed of nucleotides (A, T, C, and G) that form base pairs (A-T and C-G) | Composed of DNA molecules coiled around proteins, primarily histones |
| Function | Carries genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis | Carry and protect genetic information in a condensed and organized form |
| Number | Typically, organisms have one or two copies of DNA per cell depending on ploidy (diploid or haploid) | Typically, organisms have a set number of chromosomes, with variations among species; humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) |
| Structure | Double-stranded helix structure with a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases | Consist of two sister chromatids held together by a centromere |
| Replication | DNA replication occurs during the cell cycle to create two identical DNA molecules | Chromosomes replicate during the S phase of the cell cycle |
| Packaging | DNA is packaged into compact structures called chromosomes | Chromosomes condense and coil during cell division |
| Inheritance | DNA carries genetic information from one generation to the next through cell division and reproduction | Chromosomes are passed from parent to offspring during sexual reproduction |
| Variation | Mutations in DNA can result in genetic diversity and evolution | Variations in chromosome number or structure can lead to genetic disorders |