2. At what age does Erikson’s stage of “Trust vs. Mistrust” occur? A) Infancy B) Toddlerhood C) Preschool D) School age Answer: A) Infancy
3. According to Jean Piaget, what is the primary cognitive milestone achieved during the sensorimotor stage? A) Object permanence B) Conservation C) Abstract thinking D) Moral reasoning Answer: A) Object permanence
4. What is a major characteristic of the preoperational stage in Piaget’s theory? A) Ability to perform mental operations B) Egocentric thinking C) Understanding of conservation D) Ability to think abstractly Answer: B) Egocentric thinking
5. In which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development does the child focus on developing a sense of competence? A) Initiative vs. Guilt B) Industry vs. Inferiority C) Identity vs. Role Confusion D) Integrity vs. Despair Answer: B) Industry vs. Inferiority
6. What is the primary feature of Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)? A) Tasks a child can perform independently B) Tasks a child can perform with assistance C) Tasks a child cannot perform even with assistance D) Tasks that are developmentally inappropriate Answer: B) Tasks a child can perform with assistance
7. At what age do children typically begin to develop a theory of mind? A) 1-2 years B) 3-4 years C) 5-6 years D) 7-8 years Answer: B) 3-4 years
8. What is the primary focus of attachment theory in child development? A) Cognitive development B) Emotional bonds between children and caregivers C) Language acquisition D) Social behavior in peer groups Answer: B) Emotional bonds between children and caregivers
9. What is the term for the developmental process where children learn to differentiate themselves from others and develop a sense of self? A) Self-concept B) Self-esteem C) Self-regulation D) Self-efficacy Answer: A) Self-concept
10. According to Lev Vygotsky, what role does social interaction play in cognitive development? A) It hinders cognitive development B) It is unnecessary for cognitive development C) It facilitates cognitive development D) It only affects emotional development Answer: C) It facilitates cognitive development
11. What is one characteristic of the concrete operational stage in Piaget’s theory? A) Ability to think abstractly B) Understanding of conservation C) Egocentric thinking D) Development of symbolic play Answer: B) Understanding of conservation
12. What is the primary concern during the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage in Erikson’s theory? A) Developing trust in caregivers B) Gaining independence and self-control C) Establishing a sense of identity D) Building relationships with peers Answer: B) Gaining independence and self-control
13. What does the term “emotional regulation” refer to in child development? A) The ability to control one’s emotions B) The ability to understand others’ emotions C) The ability to express emotions appropriately D) The ability to suppress emotions Answer: C) The ability to express emotions appropriately
14. What is the term for the ability to understand that others have thoughts and feelings different from one’s own? A) Theory of mind B) Self-concept C) Emotional intelligence D) Cognitive empathy Answer: A) Theory of mind
15. At what stage does the child typically begin to develop formal operational thinking according to Piaget? A) Sensorimotor B) Preoperational C) Concrete operational D) Formal operational Answer: D) Formal operational
16. Which attachment style is characterized by a high level of anxiety and avoidance in relationships? A) Secure attachment B) Anxious-ambivalent attachment C) Avoidant attachment D) Disorganized attachment Answer: C) Avoidant attachment
17. What is the primary focus of the developmental milestone of “object permanence”? A) Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight B) Ability to perform logical operations C) Development of symbolic play D) Recognition of self in a mirror Answer: A) Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight
18. What is the term for the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person? A) Sympathy B) Empathy C) Apathy D) Indifference Answer: B) Empathy
19. According to Erikson, what is the primary challenge during adolescence? A) Developing a sense of identity B) Gaining trust in others C) Establishing independence D) Building a sense of competence Answer: A) Developing a sense of identity
20. What is the primary developmental task during the “initiative vs. guilt” stage in Erikson’s theory? A) Developing a sense of purpose and initiative B) Achieving a sense of industry and competence C) Establishing trust and security D) Developing a coherent sense of identity Answer: A) Developing a sense of purpose and initiative
21. What is the term for the process of gradually acquiring new skills and knowledge through interaction with others? A) Scaffolding B) Assimilation C) Accommodation D) Object permanence Answer: A) Scaffolding
22. At what age do children typically begin to engage in cooperative play? A) 2-3 years B) 4-5 years C) 6-7 years D) 8-9 years Answer: B) 4-5 years
23. What is a characteristic of secure attachment in children? A) Fearful of strangers and anxious about separation B) Comfortable with closeness and trusting of caregivers C) Avoidant of emotional closeness D) Disorganized and confused in relationships Answer: B) Comfortable with closeness and trusting of caregivers
24. What cognitive ability is developed during the concrete operational stage? A) Abstract reasoning B) Logical thinking C) Symbolic play D) Metacognition Answer: B) Logical thinking
25. What is the term for the ability to understand and use social norms and rules in interactions with others? A) Social cognition B) Social competence C) Socialization D) Social identity Answer: C) Socialization
26. What is the primary focus of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? A) Cognitive development B) Emotional regulation C) Moral reasoning D) Social relationships Answer: C) Moral reasoning
27. What stage of Erikson’s psychosocial development is characterized by the challenge of developing trust in caregivers? A) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt B) Trust vs. Mistrust C) Initiative vs. Guilt D) Industry vs. Inferiority Answer: B) Trust vs. Mistrust
28. What is the term for the ability to delay gratification and control impulses? A) Self-regulation B) Self-esteem C) Self-concept D) Self-efficacy Answer: A) Self-regulation
29. What is the primary focus of the preoperational stage in Piaget’s theory? A) Logical thinking B) Symbolic play and language development C) Understanding conservation D) Abstract reasoning Answer: B) Symbolic play and language development
30. What is the term for the tendency of children to focus on one aspect of a situation while ignoring others? A) Egocentrism B) Conservation C) Decentration D) Object permanence Answer: A) Egocentrism
31. What developmental milestone involves a child being able to understand and follow simple rules of social behavior? A) Social cognition B) Moral reasoning C) Socialization D) Emotional intelligence Answer: C) Socialization
32. What is a key feature of the formal operational stage in Piaget’s theory? A) Concrete and logical thinking B) Ability to think abstractly C) Egocentric thinking D) Development of object permanence Answer: B) Ability to think abstractly
33. What is the term for the process by which children learn to regulate their own behavior through interaction with their environment? A) Self-monitoring B) Self-regulation C) Self-concept D) Self-esteem Answer: B) Self-regulation
34. What is the primary focus of Vygotsky’s concept of “scaffolding”? A) Providing temporary support to facilitate learning B) Encouraging independent exploration C) Teaching specific skills and knowledge D) Assessing developmental milestones Answer: A) Providing temporary support to facilitate learning
35. What is the term for the cognitive process of adapting existing schemas to incorporate new information? A) Assimilation B) Accommodation C) Scaffolding D) Object permanence Answer: B) Accommodation
36. What is the main focus of the social learning theory in child development? A) The role of reinforcement in learning B) The role of observation and imitation in learning C) The development of abstract reasoning D) The impact of cognitive development on behavior Answer: B) The role of observation and imitation in learning
37. What developmental milestone involves recognizing oneself in a mirror? A) Self-concept B) Self-awareness C) Self-esteem D) Self-regulation Answer: B) Self-awareness
38. At what age do children typically begin to develop a more sophisticated understanding of other people’s emotions? A) 2-3 years B) 4-5 years C) 6-7 years D) 8-9 years Answer: B) 4-5 years
39. What is the term for the ability to understand and respect the feelings and perspectives of others? A) Empathy B) Sympathy C) Apathy D) Sensitivity Answer: A) Empathy
40. What is a major characteristic of the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage in Erikson’s theory? A) Developing a sense of identity B) Gaining independence and self-control C) Developing trust in caregivers D) Establishing a sense of competence Answer: B) Gaining independence and self-control
41. What cognitive ability is typically developed during the concrete operational stage? A) Abstract thinking B) Logical reasoning about concrete events C) Symbolic play D) Metacognition Answer: B) Logical reasoning about concrete events
42. What is the term for the ability to understand that other people may have different thoughts and feelings from one’s own? A) Theory of mind B) Self-concept C) Emotional intelligence D) Cognitive empathy Answer: A) Theory of mind
43. What is the term for a child’s ability to understand that objects remain the same despite changes in appearance? A) Conservation B) Object permanence C) Egocentrism D) Assimilation Answer: A) Conservation
44. What stage of development is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events but not abstract concepts? A) Sensorimotor B) Preoperational C) Concrete operational D) Formal operational Answer: C) Concrete operational
45. What is a key feature of the formal operational stage according to Piaget? A) Concrete reasoning B) Abstract and hypothetical thinking C) Egocentric thinking D) Symbolic play Answer: B) Abstract and hypothetical thinking
46. What is the term for the psychological process of adjusting one’s understanding of the world to fit new experiences? A) Assimilation B) Accommodation C) Scaffolding D) Object permanence Answer: B) Accommodation
47. What is the primary focus of the initiative vs. guilt stage in Erikson’s theory? A) Developing a sense of industry B) Developing a sense of purpose and initiative C) Gaining trust in caregivers D) Establishing a coherent sense of identity Answer: B) Developing a sense of purpose and initiative
48. At what age do children typically begin to develop the ability to delay gratification? A) 1-2 years B) 3-4 years C) 5-6 years D) 7-8 years Answer: C) 5-6 years
49. What is the term for the process by which children learn to control their behavior and emotions through interactions with their environment? A) Self-regulation B) Socialization C) Emotional intelligence D) Self-concept Answer: A) Self-regulation
50. What is the primary focus of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development? A) Cognitive development B) Social interaction C) Moral reasoning D) Emotional regulation Answer: C) Moral reasoning