1. The center of mass of the human body in anatomical position is located near:
(A) Knee joint
(B) Hip joint
(C) Second sacral vertebra
(D) Thoracic vertebra
2. The center of mass is defined as the point where:
(A) All weight acts equally
(B) Balance is impossible
(C) Only gravity acts
(D) Joints are aligned
3. When standing upright, the line of gravity passes through the:
(A) Head and shoulders
(B) Center of mass
(C) Arms and feet
(D) Pelvis only
4. Lowering the center of mass generally:
(A) Reduces stability
(B) Increases stability
(C) Has no effect
(D) Shifts balance laterally
5. A wider base of support with the center of mass inside it leads to:
(A) Poor balance
(B) Greater stability
(C) Instability
(D) Falling forward
6. In standing, if the center of mass moves outside the base of support, the body will:
(A) Stay balanced
(B) Lose balance
(C) Increase strength
(D) Improve posture
7. Distribution of forces in the body mainly occurs through:
(A) Muscles, joints, and bones
(B) Skin and hair
(C) Only muscles
(D) Digestive organs
8. During walking, the center of mass moves in a:
(A) Straight line
(B) Sinusoidal path
(C) Circular path
(D) Random path
9. Carrying weight overhead shifts the center of mass:
(A) Downward
(B) Upward
(C) Laterally
(D) Forward
10. Carrying a heavy backpack shifts the center of mass:
(A) Forward
(B) Backward
(C) Downward
(D) Upward
11. In pregnant women, the center of mass shifts:
(A) Forward
(B) Backward
(C) Upward
(D) Sideways
12. In a squat position, the center of mass is:
(A) Lowered
(B) Raised
(C) Neutral
(D) Unchanged
13. The center of mass is easier to control when it is:
(A) Higher
(B) Lower
(C) Lateral
(D) Posterior
14. A gymnast extends arms sideways on a beam to:
(A) Raise center of mass
(B) Lower base of support
(C) Improve balance
(D) Reduce stability
15. A wheelchair athlete’s center of mass is located:
(A) Lower than standing person
(B) Higher than standing person
(C) At the same point
(D) Unchanged
16. In children, the center of mass is relatively:
(A) Higher due to larger head
(B) Lower due to longer legs
(C) Same as adults
(D) Centered at pelvis
17. The distribution of forces in standing posture is primarily through:
(A) Vertebral column
(B) Pelvis and lower limbs
(C) Arms and shoulders
(D) Neck and head
18. During running, ground reaction forces are distributed via:
(A) Feet, ankles, and knees
(B) Hands and arms
(C) Thoracic spine
(D) Head and neck
19. In lying supine, the center of mass is:
(A) At head
(B) At pelvis
(C) Spread evenly
(D) At feet
20. In high jump, athletes arch the body to:
(A) Raise center of mass
(B) Lower effective center of mass
(C) Eliminate gravity
(D) Reduce muscle use
21. In sprinting, the center of mass leans forward to:
(A) Reduce acceleration
(B) Increase acceleration
(C) Increase stability
(D) Decrease force
22. Shifting weight to one leg moves the center of mass:
(A) To supporting leg
(B) Away from supporting leg
(C) Upward
(D) Backward
23. Force distribution in the spine is shared between:
(A) Vertebrae and intervertebral discs
(B) Ribs and clavicle
(C) Pelvis and scapula
(D) Muscles only
24. Carrying a child on one hip shifts the center of mass:
(A) Toward the opposite side
(B) Toward the same side
(C) Forward
(D) Backward
25. Standing on tiptoes shifts the center of mass:
(A) Forward
(B) Backward
(C) Lower
(D) Neutral
26. Force distribution during walking is highest at the:
(A) Heel strike and toe-off
(B) Mid-stance
(C) Swing phase
(D) Arm swing
27. The effective center of mass in pole vault is lowered by:
(A) Extending arms
(B) Arching body around bar
(C) Raising pelvis
(D) Leaning head
28. In standing, equal weight distribution means each foot bears about:
(A) 25% body weight
(B) 50% body weight
(C) 75% body weight
(D) 100% body weight
29. A narrow base of support increases the likelihood of:
(A) Stability
(B) Instability
(C) Equal force distribution
(D) Neutral balance
30. Jumping and landing forces are distributed mainly through:
(A) Feet, ankles, and knees
(B) Arms and shoulders
(C) Neck and head
(D) Thoracic spine
31. In squatting with weight, center of mass moves:
(A) Downward and backward
(B) Upward and forward
(C) Neutral
(D) Laterally
32. Carrying loads on the head shifts the center of mass:
(A) Upward
(B) Downward
(C) Sideways
(D) Neutral
33. The center of mass changes with:
(A) Body position
(B) Muscle contraction only
(C) Breathing only
(D) Age only
34. Force distribution is less efficient when posture is:
(A) Neutral
(B) Misaligned
(C) Balanced
(D) Upright
35. In a cartwheel, the center of mass moves:
(A) In a circular path
(B) In a sinusoidal path
(C) Straight line
(D) Random path
36. Standing with feet apart improves stability by:
(A) Widening base of support
(B) Raising center of gravity
(C) Reducing balance
(D) Narrowing weight distribution
37. During gait, the center of mass is highest in:
(A) Mid-stance
(B) Heel strike
(C) Toe-off
(D) Swing phase
38. In seated posture, the center of mass is located near:
(A) Upper thorax
(B) Pelvis
(C) Knees
(D) Feet
39. In throwing, the center of mass shifts:
(A) Forward
(B) Backward
(C) Sideways
(D) Neutral
40. Proper weightlifting technique keeps the center of mass:
(A) Close to body
(B) Away from body
(C) Above head
(D) Behind feet
41. In side-lying position, the center of mass shifts:
(A) Toward the support surface
(B) Away from the support surface
(C) Upward
(D) Neutral
42. In a sprinter’s start position, the center of mass is:
(A) Forward of base of support
(B) Behind base of support
(C) Neutral
(D) Above base of support
43. Force distribution in standing passes from the spine to:
(A) Pelvis → hips → legs → feet
(B) Shoulders → arms → hands
(C) Thorax → ribs → clavicle
(D) Head → jaw → teeth
44. The effective center of mass in a Fosbury flop (high jump) may:
(A) Pass below the bar
(B) Pass above the bar
(C) Remain unchanged
(D) Stay neutral
45. The center of mass is a crucial factor in determining:
(A) Balance and stability
(B) Skin flexibility
(C) Heart rate
(D) Breathing pattern
46. In walking upstairs, the center of mass moves:
(A) Upward and forward
(B) Downward and backward
(C) Neutral
(D) Sideways
47. Standing on an incline shifts the center of mass:
(A) Forward or backward depending on slope
(B) Always downward
(C) Always upward
(D) Neutral
48. The center of mass in males is generally located:
(A) Higher than in females
(B) Lower than in females
(C) At same level
(D) At knee joint
49. Unequal weight distribution during standing may lead to:
(A) Joint strain
(B) Muscle imbalance
(C) Postural deviation
(D) All of the above
50. Maintaining the center of mass over the base of support ensures:
(A) Balance
(B) Instability
(C) Weakness
(D) Falling