Calcium regulation hormone
- Calcium regulation in the body is tightly controlled by a complex interaction of hormones.
- These hormones work together to ensure a delicate balance between calcium absorption, storage, and excretion.
- The following hormones are involved in calcium regulation.
- Parathyroid Hormone (PTH):
- The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone.
- It plays a central role in calcium regulation.
- When blood calcium levels drop below the normal range, PTH is released.
- Parathyroid hormone acts on the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase calcium levels.
- Calcitonin:
- Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland.
- It has the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone.
- When blood calcium levels are too high, calcitonin is released, helping to lower calcium levels.
- Estrogen and Testosterone:
Sex hormones, such as estrogen in females and testosterone in males, influence calcium regulation:
- Estrogen:
- Estrogen enhances calcium absorption in the intestines.
- Promotes the deposition of calcium in bone.
- Inhibits the activity of osteoclasts.
- Testosterone:
- Testosterone also helps in maintaining bone health by promoting bone mineralization and reducing bone turnover.
- Glucocorticoids:
- Glucocorticoid hormones, such as cortisol, can have significant effects on calcium regulation.
- Prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids can lead to increased calcium excretion, decreased calcium absorption in the intestines, and bone loss.
- Thyroid Hormones:
- Thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), indirectly influence calcium homeostasis.
- They increase the sensitivity of tissues to Parathyroid hormone, thereby enhancing the actions of PTH on bone and kidneys.
- Imbalances in calcium-regulating hormones:
Imbalances in calcium-regulating hormones can lead to various disorders like:
- Hypoparathyroidism is characterized by inadequate parathyroid hormone synthesis which results in low blood calcium levels.
- Hyperparathyroidism is a condition of overproduction of parathyroid hormone which leads to higher blood calcium levels and increased bone resorption.
- Conclusion:
In conclusion, calcium regulation in the body is a complex process involving multiple hormones including
- Parathyroid hormone
- Calcitonin
- Vitamin D
- Sex hormones
| Hormone | Function | Source |
| Thyroid Hormones | · Increase sensitivity of tissues to parathyroid hormone (PTH) | · Thyroid gland
|
| Vitamin D | · Increases intestinal calcium absorption | · Sunlight exposure · Dietary sources |
| Parathyroid Hormone | · Stimulates calcium release from bones · Enhances calcium reabsorption in kidneys · Increases intestinal absorption | · Parathyroid glands
|
| Calcitonin | · Inhibits bone breakdown · Promotes calcium excretion in the urine | · Thyroid gland |
| Estrogen | · Enhances calcium absorption, promotes bone deposition · Inhibits bone breakdown | · Ovaries (in females) · Adrenal glands · Fat cells |
| Testosterone | · Promotes bone mineralization · Reduces bone turnover | · Testes (in males) · Adrenal glands |
| Glucocorticoids
| · Can lead to increased calcium excretion · Decreased calcium absorption in the intestines and bone loss | · Adrenal glands
|