1. Biomechanical risk assessment in lifting tasks primarily evaluates:
(A) Forces on the musculoskeletal system
(B) Emotional stress
(C) Air quality
(D) Food intake
2. The NIOSH lifting equation is used to:
(A) Determine recommended weight limits
(B) Measure heart rate
(C) Analyze nutrition
(D) Assess eyesight
3. A common biomechanical risk factor in lifting is:
(A) Awkward posture
(B) Balanced load
(C) Proper body mechanics
(D) Ergonomic workstation
4. The recommended maximum compressive force on the L5/S1 disc is:
(A) 3400 N
(B) 500 N
(C) 100 N
(D) 1200 N
5. Lifting a load far away from the body increases:
(A) Moment arm and spinal stress
(B) Safety
(C) Stability
(D) Efficiency
6. Which lifting technique is safest?
(A) Squat lift with neutral spine
(B) Twisting lift
(C) Stoop lift
(D) Jerking lift
7. The risk of musculoskeletal injury increases with:
(A) Heavy load weight and frequency
(B) Balanced workload
(C) Short lifting duration
(D) Neutral postures
8. The NIOSH equation considers:
(A) Horizontal and vertical location of the load
(B) Food type
(C) Sleep hours
(D) Emotional status
9. The “horizontal multiplier” in the NIOSH equation decreases with:
(A) Increased horizontal distance
(B) Decreased load weight
(C) Neutral posture
(D) Short reach
10. Twisting during lifting increases:
(A) Shear forces on the spine
(B) Efficiency
(C) Safety
(D) Recovery time
11. The vertical multiplier in lifting safety is affected by:
(A) Height of load at start and destination
(B) Worker’s heart rate
(C) Worker’s BMI
(D) Air temperature
12. Frequent lifting tasks increase the risk of:
(A) Cumulative trauma disorders
(B) Immediate fractures
(C) Hearing loss
(D) Vision defects
13. Asymmetry multiplier accounts for:
(A) Twisting or turning angle during lifting
(B) Worker’s emotional stability
(C) Hand grip strength
(D) Noise in workplace
14. The load constant in the NIOSH lifting equation is:
(A) 23 kg
(B) 50 kg
(C) 10 kg
(D) 5 kg
15. The frequency multiplier reduces the weight limit when:
(A) Tasks are highly repetitive
(B) Loads are lifted once
(C) Worker is resting
(D) Task involves sitting
16. Carrying loads asymmetrically leads to:
(A) Uneven spinal loading
(B) Reduced injury risk
(C) Increased balance
(D) Improved posture
17. Which factor reduces biomechanical risk?
(A) Team lifting heavy objects
(B) Twisting with a load
(C) Reaching far away
(D) Stoop lifting
18. Lifting in a seated position increases:
(A) Lumbar disc pressure
(B) Efficiency
(C) Safety
(D) Muscle strength
19. The recommended safe lifting zone is between:
(A) Knee and shoulder height
(B) Floor and above head
(C) Waist and ankle
(D) Head and ceiling
20. A biomechanical risk assessment often uses:
(A) Force plates and motion analysis
(B) Blood pressure monitors
(C) Genetic testing
(D) Vision tests
21. The recommended weight limit decreases when:
(A) Vertical travel distance increases
(B) Loads are at waist height
(C) Worker uses squat lift
(D) Frequency is low
22. Lifting speed affects:
(A) Dynamic loading on spine
(B) Air circulation
(C) Worker’s eyesight
(D) Skin health
23. The safest handle design for lifting loads is:
(A) Easy-to-grip handles
(B) No handles
(C) Sharp edges
(D) Smooth slippery surface
24. Which is NOT a biomechanical risk factor?
(A) Noise exposure
(B) Forceful exertion
(C) Awkward posture
(D) Repetitive motion
25. The load weight limit should be reduced if:
(A) Worker is required to twist during lift
(B) Lift is straight and close
(C) Load is light and frequent
(D) Worker uses proper squat lift
26. The coupling multiplier in the NIOSH model is based on:
(A) Quality of hand-to-object grip
(B) Worker’s height
(C) Worker’s BMI
(D) Load color
27. An effective strategy to reduce risk in lifting tasks is:
(A) Use of mechanical aids
(B) Increase load weight
(C) Increase reach distance
(D) Ignore rest breaks
28. The “moment” in biomechanics is defined as:
(A) Force × perpendicular distance from axis
(B) Muscle tension
(C) Air pressure
(D) Weight of worker
29. When lifting, keeping the load close to the body reduces:
(A) Spinal moment arm
(B) Safety
(C) Efficiency
(D) Balance
30. Biomechanical overload occurs when:
(A) Forces exceed tissue tolerance
(B) Load is very light
(C) Worker is resting
(D) Proper posture is used
31. Which muscle group is most stressed during poor lifting posture?
(A) Lumbar extensors
(B) Forearm flexors
(C) Neck rotators
(D) Wrist extensors
32. A high frequency of lifting increases risk due to:
(A) Reduced recovery time for tissues
(B) Increased tissue regeneration
(C) Stronger muscles
(D) Better circulation
33. The vertical height at which lifting is safest is:
(A) Waist level
(B) Floor level
(C) Above head
(D) Shoulder level
34. Repeated twisting with a load leads to:
(A) Disc degeneration
(B) Increased efficiency
(C) Muscle strengthening only
(D) Better coordination
35. Which assessment tool is commonly used in workplace lifting tasks?
(A) Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation
(B) Spirometer
(C) Thermometer
(D) ECG
36. The “lifting index” is calculated by:
(A) Load weight ÷ recommended weight limit
(B) Body weight ÷ load weight
(C) Heart rate ÷ breathing rate
(D) Muscle force ÷ tendon length
37. A lifting index greater than 1 indicates:
(A) Increased risk of injury
(B) Zero risk of injury
(C) Ideal lifting condition
(D) No load
38. The main spinal level analyzed in lifting biomechanics is:
(A) L5/S1
(B) C7/T1
(C) T12/L1
(D) S2/S3
39. The recommended action when a load is too heavy is:
(A) Use mechanical assistance
(B) Attempt stoop lift
(C) Ignore fatigue
(D) Twist while lifting
40. Prolonged static holding of a load can cause:
(A) Fatigue and poor circulation
(B) Reduced stress
(C) Improved strength
(D) Faster recovery
41. A biomechanical assessment includes:
(A) Posture, force, and repetition analysis
(B) Skin tone check
(C) Vision screening
(D) Hearing tests
42. Carrying loads on one shoulder causes:
(A) Lateral spinal bending
(B) Improved symmetry
(C) Reduced stress
(D) Better posture
43. Which of the following reduces risk in lifting?
(A) Keeping feet wide and stable
(B) Standing on one leg
(C) Jerking quickly
(D) Twisting the trunk
44. A poor coupling condition in lifting occurs with:
(A) Slippery or no handles
(B) Good grip handles
(C) Lightweight load
(D) Close-to-body lifting
45. The asymmetry angle in lifting should be kept:
(A) As small as possible
(B) Around 90°
(C) Greater than 120°
(D) Always ignored
46. The recommended rest break strategy for repetitive lifting is:
(A) Frequent short breaks
(B) No breaks at all
(C) One break at end of shift
(D) Random breaks only
47. The revised NIOSH equation was introduced in:
(A) 1991
(B) 1970
(C) 2000
(D) 1985
48. Which is considered a high-risk lifting condition?
(A) Lifting above shoulder height
(B) Lifting at waist height
(C) Using squat lift
(D) Team lifting
49. The frequency multiplier decreases most when:
(A) Lifting occurs more than once per minute
(B) Load is lifted once daily
(C) Load is carried by two people
(D) Lifting is infrequent
50. The ultimate aim of biomechanical risk assessment is:
(A) Prevent musculoskeletal injury and improve safety
(B) Measure air quality
(C) Assess nutrition
(D) Replace workers with robots