1. Which of the following is a key concept in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
a) Classical conditioning
b) Stages of cognitive development
c) Social learning theory
d) Attachment styles
Answer: b) Stages of cognitive development
2. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, what is the primary challenge of the adolescent stage?
a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Initiative vs. Guilt
c) Identity vs. Role Confusion
d) Integrity vs. Despair
Answer: c) Identity vs. Role Confusion
3. What is the primary focus of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory?
a) The role of unconscious conflicts
b) The importance of social interactions and cultural context in cognitive development
c) The stages of moral development
d) The influence of genetics on behavior
Answer: b) The importance of social interactions and cultural context in cognitive development
4. In attachment theory, what is the primary characteristic of a securely attached child?
a) Avoidance of close relationships
b) High levels of anxiety and clinginess
c) Comfort in exploring the environment while using the caregiver as a secure base
d) Disinterest in the caregiver’s presence
Answer: c) Comfort in exploring the environment while using the caregiver as a secure base
5. Which developmental milestone typically occurs between 6 to 12 months of age?
a) Walking independently
b) Developing object permanence
c) Forming complex sentences
d) Establishing formal operational thinking
Answer: b) Developing object permanence
6. In Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, which stage involves understanding and adhering to social rules and laws?
a) Preconventional morality
b) Conventional morality
c) Postconventional morality
d) Preoperational thinking
Answer: b) Conventional morality
7. What is a key feature of Piaget’s concrete operational stage of cognitive development?
a) Abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning
b) Understanding of conservation and logical thinking about concrete events
c) Use of symbolic play and egocentrism
d) Ability to form attachments and trust
Answer: b) Understanding of conservation and logical thinking about concrete events
8. Which of the following is an example of scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory?
a) A teacher providing complex tasks to challenge a student
b) A parent assisting a child with a difficult task and gradually reducing help as the child gains competence
c) A child playing alone without interaction with others
d) A student memorizing facts without understanding their meaning
Answer: b) A parent assisting a child with a difficult task and gradually reducing help as the child gains competence
9. According to Bandura’s social learning theory, learning occurs through:
a) Observing and imitating others
b) Direct reinforcement and punishment only
c) Inherited genetic traits
d) Sensory experiences alone
Answer: a) Observing and imitating others
10. In developmental psychology, what does the term “attachment” primarily refer to?
a) The emotional bond between an infant and caregiver
b) The genetic predispositions that influence behavior
c) The cognitive processes involved in memory
d) The stages of language development
Answer: a) The emotional bond between an infant and caregiver